Evolution and growth of Muslim society Essay

Although Islam go around rapidly in the world as in brief as it surfaced in the world, but it established its footing in the Indo-Pak Sub-continent in the beginning of 8th cytosine A.D. It was during the ascertain of sixth Umayyad caliph, Walid stash away Abdul Malak (705-715 A.D), when an overarching incidence of enthral looting occurred near Debal, a sea port. The ships, carrying widows and children of dead soul Arab soldiers, sent by the king of Ceylon (present day Sri-Lanka) to the Umayyad Governor, Hajjaj store Yousef, of Baghdad were ransacked by a dep repealent on(p) of ferocious Hindu pirates. Hajjaj sent his emissary to the Rajput king, rajah Dahir under whose jurisdiction the pirates carried out the loot. The raja brusquely turned knock off the Governors allege said the pirates were non under his sway. Hajjaj decided to air the young Imaduddin Muhammad hive away Qasim to teach the raja a lesson and release the prisoners. Muhammad stash away Qasim was the swa yer of Faris when he was called behind by the Governor. Muhammad bin Qasim then led a glorious Islamic army and invaded Sindh in 712 A.D.During his goldbrick stay in Niran he was reinforced by four thousands Jats who were long subdued by the pious king. rajah Dahir came with his 40,000 soldiers along with contingents of elephants. However, the Raja killed in the encounter field and his demoralized army retreated. Muhammad bin Qasim not only released the prisoners along with the looted ships but withal established Islamic society/rule in Sindh. Qasim continued to expand the Muslim society beyond Sindh. He marched up to Multan where he discomfited Raja Gor Singh. During this succession several changes occurred that do his expeditions slow down and finally put a halt. Hajjaj bin Yousef had been died in 714 A.D and, within months administrative changes wrought in Damascus. Walid bin Abdul Malak was replaced by his brformer(a) Suleman bin Abdul Malak (715-717 A.D).The new ruler was extravagantly luxury loving and quite ham-handed for the accession to the throne. Suleman called off the best Generals from around their single destinations and through intrigues executed them one by one. These Generals brought worthy victories to Walid. They included Qutaiba bin Muslim, the conqueror of Turkistan Tariq bin Ziad, the conqueror of Andalus Musa bin Nasir, the conqueror of North Africa and Muhammad bin Qasim, the conqueror of Sindh. Muhammad bin Qasim was died languishing in the prison at the ageof just 22. He was replaced by Yazid bin Kabashi.Qasims rule, though short, is marked by the historians as marvelous and magnificent. He gave relieved the local population scourged by the extra judicious rule of the erstwhile rajas in general and Raja Dahir in particular. Furthermore, he espoused inter-religious concurrence and brought prosperity and good governance in the areas under his domain. Italian scholar F. Gabrieli said flummox day Pakistan, holding the valu es of Islam in much(prenominal) a high esteem, should look upon the young Arab conqueror, Muhammad bin Qasim, almost as a distant Kistes (founding father), a hero of South Asian Islam. With the passage of cadence rule of Umayyads finally evaporated in 750 A.D. They were succeeded by the Abbasids. The Abbasid rulers time after time sent their regulators in the Sub-continent. accord to Ibn Haukal, who traveled extensively through the Arab domains around the shopping centre of the 8th Century, particularly mentioned the affluence of the muckle of Sindh.Moreover, during the rule of Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur (754-775 A.D), scholars from the Sindh were welcomed at the court of Baghdad. In the northward Islam was making inroads from Afghanistan into the north-western region of Pakistan. Islamic missionaries were actively spreading their faith among the tribes. Due to weak Abbasid ruler, who acceded to the throne later on, lost sway over the territories of the Sub-continent at the end of 9th Century. In the 10th Century Turks invaded the Sub-continent through celebrated Khyber Pass. The most important of them was Mahmud of Ghazni, the son of Sabuktagin the great General. Mahmud command the sub-continent from 997 A.D. He wanted to expand his rule across India and attacked seventeen times in this regard. He was a great warrior. He reduced the influence Hindushahi nation being prevalent in India. He became know as an Idol Breaker after the death of Somnath temple. However, he died in 1030.Mahmud appointed Khusru Malik as the governor of Lahore. However, Khusru Malik was killed by the Ghoris headed by Muhammad Ghori and paced their empire around 1185. Muizz-ud-din Muhammad bin Sam, known as Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghuri is among the one who played a paramount role in the establishment of Muslim rule, especially in North India. He defeated the fearsome army of Prithvi Raj Chauhan in 1192 in the morsel battle of Tarain. He had has the credit to establish the fir st base Muslim in Delhi. In 1206, Ghori had to travel to Lahore to rebuke a revolt.On his way back to Ghazni, his caravan halted at Damik near Jehlum. He was killed while pass his evening prayers.From 1206 to 1526 A.D Delhi Sultanate rose to power. It is believed, however, that the terminus of Delhi Sultanate was politically libertine but the Muslim society under the Sultanate period flourished at a great length. Sufism also made it way during this era. He is aptly called as the miscarry of Muslim Empire in Indo-Pak Sub-continent. Mughals, led by Zaheer-ud-Din Babar entered India in 1526 A.D and remained in power, though nominally, till 1857. The Mughal succession is particularly known as the period of Muslim architecture, literature and gave a boost to religious reformists and saints such(prenominal) as Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Walliullah, Sheikh Farid-ud-Din Ganj Shakar, Nizam-ud-Din Chishty, etc.Islam leftfield profound effects on minds of people of the Sub-continent. Islam entirely changed the living standard and style of thinking of the people of the Sub-continent. The Muslim society gave a welcome fillip to the cultural, economic and, social development in the Sub-continent and boosted inter-religious harmony as well. Turks introduced Persian language which intermingled with Arabic and other local languages gave birth to several new languages including Urdu. though the Muslim society experienced ups and downs throughout the history, hitherto it yielded positive effects on the minds of people at large in Indo-Pak Sub-continent.